Dr. Henry Morgentaler, Holocaust survivor and one of Canada's most prominent abortion rights advocates, was recently awarded the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian honor this July. Dr. Morgentaler endured more than 20 years of legal battles to ensure the rights of Canadian women to obtain safe, legal abortions and opened six clinics across Canada. This has drawn a great deal of attention to abortion services in Canada and the politics and controversy surrounding them.
Below is a piece by Dr. Garson Romalis, delivered on Jan. 25, at the University of Toronto Law School's Symposium
marking the 20th Anniversary of landmark court case R. vs. Mortentaler, reposted in its entirety.
Dr. Romalis has survived two attempts on his life as a result of his commitment to providing women with safe abortions. His memories of the (politely named) septic obstetrics ward are an important reminder of how commonplace attempts to end pregnancies were prior to legalization, as well as the devastating consequences of an unsafe abortion.
-Nell
I am honoured to be speaking today, and honored to call Henry Morgentaler my friend.
I
have been an abortion provider since 1972. Why do I do abortions, and
why do I continue to do abortions, despite two murder attempts?
The
first time I started to think about abortion was in 1960, when I was in
secondyear medical school. I was assigned the case of a young woman who
had died of a septic abortion. She had aborted herself using slippery
elm bark.
I had never heard of slippery elm. A buddy and I went
down to skid row, and without too much difficulty, purchased some
slippery elm bark to use as a visual aid in our presentation. Slippery
elm is not sterile, and frequently contains spores of the bacteria that
cause gas gangrene. It is called slippery elm because, when it gets
wet, it feels slippery. This makes it easier to slide slender pieces
through the cervix where they absorb water, expand, dilate the cervix,
produce infection and induce abortion. The young woman in our case
developed an overwhelming infection. At autopsy she had multiple
abscesses throughout her body, in her brain, lungs, liver and abdomen.
I have never forgotten that case.
After
I graduated from University of British Columbia medical school in 1962,
I went to Chicago, where I served my internship and Ob/Gyn residency at
Cook County Hospital. At that time, Cook County had about 3,000 beds,
and served a mainly indigent population. If you were really sick, or
really poor, or both, Cook County was where you went.
The first
month of my internship was spent on Ward 41, the septic obstetrics
ward. Yes, it's hard to believe now, but in those days, they had one
ward dedicated exclusively to septic complications of pregnancy.
About
90% of the patients were there with complications of septic abortion.
The ward had about 40 beds, in addition to extra beds which lined the
halls. Each day we admitted between 10-30 septic abortion patients. We
had about one death a month, usually from septic shock associated with
hemorrhage.
I will never forget the 17-year-old girl lying on a
stretcher with 6 feet of small bowel protruding from her vagina. She
survived.
I will never forget the jaundiced woman in liver and
kidney failure, in septic shock, with very severe anemia, whose life we
were unable to save.
Today, in Canada and the U.S., septic shock
from illegal abortion is virtually never seen. Like smallpox, it is a
"disappeared disease."
I had originally been drawn to obstetrics
and gynecology because I loved delivering babies. Abortion was illegal
when I trained, so I did not learn how to do abortions in my residency,
although I had more than my share of experience looking after illegal
abortion complications.
In 1972, a couple of years after the law
on abortion was liberalized, I began the practise of obstetrics and
gynecology, and joined a three-man group in Vancouver. My practice
partners and I believed strongly that a woman should be able to decide
for herself if and when to have a baby. We were frequently asked to
look after women who needed termination of pregnancy. Although I had
done virtually no terminations in my training, I soon learned how. I
also learned just how much demand there was for abortion services.
Providing
abortion services can be quite stressful. Usually, an unplanned,
unwanted pregnancy is the worst trouble the patient has ever been in in
her entire life.
I remember one 18-year-old patient who
desperately wanted an abortion, but felt she could not confide in her
mother, who was a nurse in another Vancouver area hospital. She
impressed on me how important it was that her termination remain a
secret from her family. In those years, parental consent was required
if the patient was less than 19 years old. I obtained the required
second opinion from a colleague, and performed an abortion on her.
About
two weeks, later I received a phone call from her mother. She asked me
directly "Did you do an abortion on my daughter?" Visions of legal suit
passed through my mind as I tried to think of how to answer her
question. I decided to answer directly and truthfully. I answered with
trepidation, "Yes, I did" and started to make mental preparations to
call my lawyer. The mother replied: "Thank you, Doctor. Thank God there
are people like you around."
Like many of my colleagues, I had
been the subject of antiabortion picketing, particularly in the 1980s.
I did not like having my office and home picketed, or nails thrown into
my driveway, but viewed these picketers as a nuisance, exercising their
right of free speech. Being in Canada, I felt I did not have to worry
about my physical security.
I had been a medical doctor for 32
years when I was shot at 7:10 a.m., Nov. 8, 1994. For over half my
life, I had been providing obstetrical and gynecological care,
including abortions. It is still hard for me to understand how someone
could think I should be killed for helping women get safe abortions.
I
had a very severe gun shot wound to my left thigh. My thigh bone was
fractured, large blood vessels severed, and a large amount of my thigh
muscles destroyed. I almost died several times from blood loss and
multiple other complications. After about two years of physical and
emotional rehabilitation, with a great deal of support from my family
and the medical community, I was able to resume work on a part-time
basis. I was no longer able to deliver babies or perform major
gynecological surgery. I had to take security measures, but I continued
to work as a gynecologist, including providing abortion services. My
life had changed, but my views on choice remained unchanged, and I was
continuing to enjoy practicing medicine. I told people that I was shot
in the thigh, not in my sense of humour.
Six years after the
shooting, on July 11, 2000, shortly after entering the clinic where I
had my private office, a young man approached me. There was nothing
unusual about his appearance until he suddenly got a vicious look on
his face, stabbed me in the left flank area and then ran away.
This
could have been a lethal injury, but fortunately no vital organs were
seriously involved, and after six days of hospital observation I was
able to return home. The physical implications were minor, but the
security implications were major. After two murder attempts, all my
security advisors concurred that I was at increased risk for another
attack.
My family and I had to have some serious discussions
about my future. The National Abortion Federation provided me with a
very experienced personal security consultant. He moved into our home
and lived with us for three days, talked with us, assessed my
personality, visited the places that I worked in and gave me security
advice. In those three days, he got to know me well. After he finished
his evaluation, when I was dropping him off at the airport, his
departing words to me were "Gary, you have to go back to work."
About
two months after the stabbing, I returned to the practise of medicine,
but with added security measures. Since the year 2000, I have
restricted my practise exclusively to abortion provision.
These
acts of terrorist violence have affected virtually every aspect of my
and my family's life. Our lives have changed forever. I must live with
security measures that I never dreamed about when I was learning how to
deliver babies.
Let me tell you about an abortion patient I
looked after recently. She was 18 years old, and 18-19 weeks pregnant.
She came from a very strict, religious family. She was an only
daughter, and had several brothers. She was East Indian Hindu and her
boyfriend was East Indian Muslim, which did not please her parents. She
told me if her parents found out she was pregnant she would be disowned
and kicked out of the family home. She also told me that her brothers
would murder her boyfriend, and I believed her. About an hour after her
operation I and my nurse saw her and her boyfriend walking out of the
clinic hand in hand, and I said to my nurse, "Look at that. We saved
two lives today."
I love my work. I get enormous personal and
professional satisfaction out of helping people, and that includes
providing safe, comfortable, abortions. The people that I work with are
extraordinary, and we all feel that we are doing important work, making
a real difference in peoples' lives.
I can take an anxious woman,
who is in the biggest trouble she has ever experiences in her life, and
by performing a five-minute operation, in comfort and dignity, I can
give her back her life.
After an abortion operation, patients
frequently say "Thank You Doctor." But abortion is the only operation I
know of where they also sometimes say "Thank you for what you do."
I
want to tell you one last story that I think epitomizes the
satisfaction I get from my privileged work. Some years ago I spoke to a
class of University of British Columbia medical students. As I left the
classroom, a student followed me out. She said: "Dr. Romalis, you won't
remember me, but you did an abortion on me in 1992. I am a second year
medical student now, and if it weren't for you I wouldn't be here now."
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